Fluid pressure brake



Jufly 3Q, 1935 c. c. FARMER ET m. 9

FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE Filed June 24, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l gm w INVENTORS CD CLYDE QF'ARMER mus EHEWITT A TTORNEY.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 v INVENTORS CLYDE CHARMER ELLIS E.HEW!TT' ATTORNEY. j

FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE Filed June 24, 1952 WWW Jufiy 30, 1935.

x 02mm thEm k July 39, 1935. C, Q FARMER ET AL 2,009,840

FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE Filed June 24, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 1 8.3 8 34 8 246' /34 2.3 If //5 I67 INVENTORS l CLYDE Q-FARMER 2/0 3 204 ELLJS E.HEW|TT A TTORNE Y.

Patented July 30, 1935 UNITED STATES 'FLUID PRESSURE. BRAKE Clyde 0. Farmer, Pittsburgh, and Ellis E. Hewitt, Edgewood, Pa., assignors to The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Wilmerding, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application Jane 24, 1932, Serial No. 619,052 68'Claims. ((1303-40) This invention relates to fluid pressure brakes, and more particularly to the type employed for controlling the brakes on a locomotive.

The usual distributing valve device employed on a locomotive consists of an application portion and an equalizing portion. The application portion comprises an application piston contained in an application piston chamber and valves operated by said piston for directly controlling the supply and release of fluid under pressure to and from the locomotive brake cylinder, the operation of the application portion being controlled either by the equalizingportion or by straight air through the medium of the usual independent brake valve device.

The application piston is quite small in diameter and as a result the volume of the application piston chamber, as controlled by the displacement of said piston, is also quite small. In order to prevent leakage from having any material effect on the pressure in the application piston chamber and also to better control variationsin pressure in said chamber, an application chamber is provided for increasing the volume of the application piston chamber. The volume of the application chamber is quite lar e as compared to the displacement of the application piston,'so that the displacement of said piston has no material effect upon the pressure which may be acting in the application chamber, which is normallyopen to the atmosphere and, therefore, at atmospheric pressure.

The equalizing portion of the distributing valve device is similar to the usual triple valve device employed on cars, but is adapted to supply fluid under pressure from a pressure chamber, corresponding to the usual auxiliary reservoir, to the application chamber and the application piston chamber, instead of to a brake cylinder. The application piston is then operated by the pressure of fluid supplied to the applicationchamber and application piston chamber for supplying fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder.

When a brake cylinder piston is moved out by fluid supplied through a triple valve device, acertain amount of fluid is required from the auxiliary reservoir to fill the vacuum space created by the movement of the brake cylinder piston, before any eifective pressure is exerted on the piston, while on the locomotive, since the application chamber is initially filled with fluid at atmospheric pressure, fluid under pressure supplied from the pressure chamber to the application chamberis immediately efiective to operate the application piston to supply fluid under pressure to the locomotive brake cylinder, and for the same degree of reduction in pressure'in the pressure chamber, as occurs in the auxiliary reservoir on the cars, a higher pressure is obtained in the application 7 chamber and consequently in the locomotive brake 5 cylinder than is obtained in the brake cylinder on the cars, and this results in a more rapid retardation of the locomotive as compared with the cars, which tends to cause the slack in the train to run in toward the locomotive and produce damaging shocks.

It has heretofore been proposed to obviate the above difiiculty by providing a reduction chamber or reservoir, into which fluid under pressure from the pressure chamber is permitted to equalize upon the initial movement of the equalizing portion of the distributing valve device toward application position, the reduction in pressure thus cffected in the pressure chamber being adapted to delay the'supplying' of fluid under pressure to the 20 application chamber for applying thelocomotive brakes until the piston in the brake cylinder on the cars is moved out to the position in which the continued supply of fluid under pressure from the auxiliary reservoirwill apply the brakes with force, 2 so that eiiective brake cylinder pressure is obtained on the cars at substantially the same time as on the locomotive.

It requires substantially a flve pound reduction in auxiliary reservoir pressure to move the brake cylinder piston on a carto the brake applying position and consequently, the reduction reservoir in the distributing valve device on the locomotive should be of such volume as to effect a correplication of the brakes, the equalization of pressures in said chamberand the'reduction reservoir, above described, varies, so that although the locomotive brakes start to apply at more nearly the same time as the car brakes than if a' reduction reservoir were not employed, still, a synchronous application of the brakes on the locomotive and cars is not obtained, such as is desired and which is particularly necessary in the handling of long trains.

One object of our invention is to provide improved meansfor obtaining a substantially syn- 55 chronous application of the brakes on the locomotive and cars of a train, regardless of the brake pipe pressure carried.

We attain this object by providing a valve device which operates to cut off the reduction reservoir from the pressure chamber when the pressure in the reduction reservoir is increased to a predetermined degree. The reduction in pressure thus effected in the pressure chamber is about five pounds, which corresponds to the reduction in auxiliary reservoir pressure on the cars required to move the piston in the brake cylinder on the cars to the brake applying position. This valve device is controlled by reduction reservoir pressure and is therefore independent of the brake pipe pressure carried, so that irrespective of the brake pipe pressure carried, the reduction in pressure in the pressure chamber will be the same, and the locomotive brakes will therefore start to apply at the same time as the brakes on the cars start to apply. I v

In the usual distributing valve device, the application portion includes a slide valve for controlling the supply of fluid from the main reservoir to the locomotive brake cylinder for applying the brakes. This slide valve is pressed into sealing engagement withits seat by main reservoir pressure and therefore offers considerable resistance to movement. A piston, sealed with a packing cup, is provided for moving the slide valve and due to the resistance of the slide valve and the packing cup to movement, a greater diirerential of pressures is required over the piston to move the slide valve than is desired. Another object of our invention is to provide a distributing valve device having an improved application portion which will be sensitive to and operate upon slight changes in pressure so that the brake cylinder pressure may be varied in finer steps than has heretofore been possible.

This object is attained by providing a fluid pressure supply valve of the poppet type, which valve is normally pressed intoengagement with its seat by main reservoir pressure and the pressure of a spring, and is adapted to be moved away from its seat by the application piston. Means are provided which are operated by the application piston slightly in advance of engagement of the application piston with the supply valve for substantially balancing the pressures on the supply valve, so that when the application piston engages the supply valve, only a slight differential of pressures on the application piston is required to move the supply valve from its seat. The piston is provided with two metal packing rings so that its resistance to movement is constant and reduced to a minimum, the two rings being provided to better ensure against leakage past the piston than where only one ring is employed, and due'to this construction, the piston will operate upon lower pressure diiferentials than the type employing a packing cup.

In the usual locomotive brake equipment, when an emergency application of the brakes is effected, the actuating pressure on the application piston is maintained against leakage by a supply of fluid under pressure from the main reservoir, this supply being provided through a small port in the .rotary valve of the automatic brake valve device when the brake valve device is in emergency position. It will therefore be evident that the actuating pressure on the application piston, and consequently the degree of application of the locomo- .tive brakes, depends upon the main reservoir pressure carried, whereas on the cars, the degree of emergency application depends upon the brake pipe pressure carried. As a result, the pressure maintained in the locomotive brake cylinder, when an emergency application of the brakes is effected, may not be in proportion to the emergency brake cylinder pressure obtained on the cars of the train.

Another object of our invention is to maintain the brake cylinder pressure on the locomotive from the feed valve device, when an emergency application of the brakes is effected, so that the pressure obtained in the locomotive brake cylinder will vary as the brake pipe pressure carried, the same as on the cars.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following more detailed description of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings; Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section, of a locomotive brake equipment embodying our invention; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the distributing valve device shown in Fig. 1 with the parts shown in release position; Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the equalizing portion of the distributing valve device with the parts shown in a position assumed in moving from release position towards service position; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the equalizing portion of the distributing valve device with the parts shown in what may be termed a preliminary reduction position; Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the equalizing portion of the distributing valve device with the parts shown in service position; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the equalizing portion of the distributing valve device with the parts shown in emergency position; Fig. '7 is an enlarged diagrammatic sectional view of a portion of the supply valve means of the application portion of the distributing valve device; Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a portion of the .distributing valve device showing a reversible cover plate in the dead engine position; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the reversible cover plate; Fig. 10 is a development diagram of the automatic brake valve device shown in Fig. 1 and illustrating the connections established through said brake valve device in the various positions thereof and Fig. 11 is a development diagram of the independent brake valve device shown in Fig. 1.

As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the locomotive brake equipment comprises a distributing valve device I as applied to an electric locomotive so that it is adapted to be controlled from either end of the locomotive, the equipment provided at each end of the locomotive comprising an automatic brake valve device 2, an independent brake valve 3, a feed valve device 4 and a reducing valve device 5. It will be understood that in the case of a steam locomotive, only one set of controlling units ofv the above character is associated with the distributing valve device.

The distributing valve device I comprises a. valve portion, a reservoir portion 5, and a filler portion 1, the filler portion 1 being secured between the valve portion and reservoir portion and preferably providing a bracket to which all pipes leading to and from the distributing valve device are connected.

The valve portion of the distributing valve device comprises an equalizing valve device 8 and an application valve device 9.

The equalizing valve device 8 comprises a piston I0 having at one side a chamber I I connected to the brake pipe I2 and at the opposite side a chamber. l3 containing a main slide valve I4 and an auxiliary slidevalve 15 adapted to be operated by the piston l6 through the medium of a stem I6.

The outer end of valve chamber H3 is closed by a cap member I? having screw-threaded engagement in the casing and projecting into a chamber |8 formed in the filler portion '1. Chamber I8 is in constant communication with valve chamber through a passage I9, which at no time is lapped by the main slide valve 14, and also through a passage 20 in the member I1. Chamber i8 also communicates through pass-age 2| with a pressure chamber or reservoir 22 provided in the reservoir portion 6, and it will therefore be evident that the valve chamber l3 and pressure chamber 22 are at all times in communication with each other.

The piston stem I6 is cut away so as to form at the piston end of the stem a shoulder 23 adapted to engage the main slide valve, and at the outer end of the piston stem a shoulder 24 adapted to engage the opposite end of the main slide valve. p A cavity is also formed in the piston stem l6 for operatively receiving the auxiliary slide valve l5.

The'end of the piston stem is provided with a chamber or bore extending into said stem slightly beyond the shoulder 24, the open end of said bore being closed by a plug 25 having screwthreaded engagement with the stem. Slidably mounted'in said bore is a plunger 26 having a cylindrical portion freely extending through a suitable bore in the plug 25. The inner end of theplunger 26 is provided exteriorly with an annular rib 2'! between which and the inner end of plug 25 is interposed a spring 28 urging the plunger toward the mainslide valve l4, it being noted that the rib 21 which provides a seat for spring 28 also extends beyond the shoulder 24 on the stem and is adapted to be moved into operative engagement with the end of the main slide valve before shoulder 24 engages the end of said'slide valve.

The plunger 26 is hollow and open at its inner end. The outer end of the plunger 26 is provided with an opening through which a piston stop 29 is adapted to slidably move, said stop being provided with a head portion of a greater diameter than the opening through the end of the plunger so as to. limit outward movement of thestop. The open end of the plunger 28 is closed by a plug 30 preferably secured to the plunger by means of a pin- 3| extending through said plug and the side walls of the plunger. Interposed between the plug 36 and the head of piston stop 29 is a spring 32 urging the piston stop outwardly.

A gasket 264 is disposed in the casing back of the piston l0 and is provided with a narrow seat rib 263 adapted to engage and efiect a seal on said piston.

. The open end of pistonchamber I is closed by a member 34, a gasket 35 being provided to prevent leakage from said chamber to the atmosphere, said gasket extending into said chamber so as to provide a seal for piston I6 in emergency position, as will be hereinafter described.

The member 34 is provided with a chamber having one end closed by a cover plate 46, the opposite end of said chamber being provided with a wall 36 having a passage 53 connecting to piston chamber 1 and having an opening in which a piston stop 35 is slidably mounted. The piston stop. 36 isprovided with a flange 3'l -adapted to chamber is defined by a guide 43 formed at each end of said chamber. The wall 38 of the member 34 is provided with an annular rib 44 adapted to evenly space the inner tube 42 from the outer tube 4| and also to compress the hair in the space near the inner ends of the tubes. A similar rib 45 is provided on a gasket 46 interposed between member 34 and cover plate 48, said rib being adapted to evenly space the outer ends of the two tubes 4| and 42 and also compress the hair or straining material in the space near the outer ends of said tubes. In packing hair into the space between the tubes it is difficult to obtain a uniform density of material the full length of said space and especially at the ends of the space, the density will tend to be less. However, in the construction shown in the drawings, a substantially uniform density will be obtained through-'- out the full length of the space between the tubes, due to the fact that the annular ribs 44 and 45 will compress the-straining material at the ends of the space between the tubes'when-assembling the device, it being noted that rib 44 is metal and formed in the member 34,. while rib 45 is formed integral with the gasket 46.

An annular chamber 41 is formed between the outer tube 4| and the casing, said chamber being connected'at all times to brake pipe l2 through passages 48 and 49 and the brake pipe branch pipe 56, while the inner tube 42 defines a chamber connected to piston chamber through passage 53 and an opening 52 in the end of the piston stop 36.

The application valve device 9 comprises an application piston 68 having at one side an application piston chamber 54 and at the opposite side a chamber 55. The piston 68 is provided with a bafiie piston 56 slidably mounted in a suitable bore in the casing and separating chamber 55 from valve chamber 51 which is connected to a brake cylinder 53 through passages 59 and 60 and pipe 6|, chamber 55 being connected to the brake cylinder passage 59 through a choked passage 62.

The application piston 68 is provided with a stem 63 extending into valve chamber 51, the end of said piston stem being supported and guided by an aperturedmember 64. The stem 63 is provided with two spaced shoulders 61 between which is mounted a brake cylinderexhaust valve 65 which'is adapted to be moved by the engagement of one or the other of said shoulders. The outer end of the piston stem 63 is adapted to operate a supply valve device 66 contained in the member 34 which is secured to the casing of the application valve portion.

The supply valve device comprises a valve .piston 69 slidably mounted in a bushing which is pressed into the member 34 and which separates two chambers H and 12. The bushing is provided with a seat rib 13 against which a gasket 14 in the end of the valve piston 691s adapted to seal. The outer wall of chamber 'l2.is providedrwith an opening through which the valve piston 69 is adapted to be inserted into the bushing I0, said opening being closed by a cap nut I having screw-threaded engagement with the member 34. A spring I6 is interposed between the cap nut I5 and the valve piston 69 for urging said valve piston into sealing engagement with the seat rib I3.

The gasket 14 is secured to the end of the valve piston 69 by means of a screw-threaded member I! having an enlarged head portion I8 for clamping said gasket and adapted to be engaged by the application piston stem 63.

The member I! is provided with a longitudinal bore to slidably receive the fluted stem I9 of a pilot valve 80, the end of said member within the valve piston forming a seat rib 8|, against which the pilot valve 80 is adapted to effect a seaL- A spring 82, contained within spring I6, is interposed between the pilot valve 89 and cap nut I5 for urging said valve into engagement with the seat 'rib 8|. In the cap nut 15, a pin 83 is'provided for maintaining the spring 82 in alignment with the pilot valve 80.

The flutes on the stem of the pilot valve 80 terminate short of the face of the head portion I8 of member 11, into an operating pin 84 which projects beyond the face of the head portion I8 of member 11, so as to be engaged by the appli cation piston stem 83 before said stem engages head I8 of the member 11. A slot 85 is provided in the face of the head portion I8 of member I? so as to vent fluid-under pressure, supplied past the unseated pilot valve 80, to valve chamber 51 when the application piston stem 03 is in engagement with member 11.

Chamber II is at all times in communication with a main reservoir 86 through a passage 81 and pipe 88, and a plurality of ports 89 are provided in the bushing for connecting chamber ,"II to the seating face of the supply valve piston 69, outside of the seat rib I3. Chamber I2 is connected to chamber II through a choke plug 90, the flow area through which is adjusted to the venting capacity of the pilot valve 80 as will be hereinafter explained.

The movement of the application piston towards the right hand is limited by engagement with the annular shoulder 9i formed in the casing, and the consequent movement of the supply valve piston 69 away from seat rib I3 is limited to an amount which at all times ensures that communication be maintained between chamber I2 and chamber 92 at the right hand side of said Valve piston by way of clearance provided between the right hand end of the bushing I0 and cap nut I5 and also through one or more slots 93 formed in the right hand end of said bushing. The movement of the application piston 68 toward the left hand is limited by engagement of an annular rib 94, formed on said piston, with the casing. A slot 95 is provided through said rib to connect the chamber outside of rib 94 to the chamber inside of said rib when the rib engages the casing. The piston 68 is provided with two packing rings I01 for minimizing leakage of fluid under pressure from one side of the piston to the other.

Secured'to the casing of the equalizing valve device is another valve portion comprising a reduction reservoir cut-off valve device and a release valve device.

The reduction reservoir cut-off valve device comprises a poppet valve 96 contained in a chamber 91,aspring 98 for urging said valve int-o engagement with a seat rib 99, and a movable abutment I00 subject to the pressure of a spring IOI for urging said poppet valve away from the seat rib 99.

The abutment I00 of the reduction reservoir cut-off valve is preferably in the form of a piston having a chamber I92 at one side, said chamber being at all times connected to the atmosphere through a passage I03. The open end of chamber I02 is closed by a cover plate I04 which is provided with a recess I05 for carrying the spring IOI, a plurality of shims I06 being placed between the end of said spring and the bottom of the recess for finely adjusting the pressure with which the spring IOI acts on the abutment I00.

The abutment I00 is provided with an operating stem I08 which slidably extends through a bore in a bushing I09 pressed into the casing, and through a chamber II 0 into engagement with the cut-off valve 96. A gasket seal I I I is secured to one face of the abutment I00 by means of a clamping nut I I2 having screw-threaded engagement with the stem I08. The gasket I II is provided with a seat rib II3 adapted to effect a leak-proof seal against the end of bushing I09 when spring I9I moves the abutment I00 to the position shown in Fig. 2. In this position of abutment I00, a chamber H4 is defined within the seat rib H3 and is connected to chamber H9 through a passage H5 in the bushing I09, while a chamber H6 is defined outside of said seat rib. A leakage groove II! is provided in the piston cylinder wall for connecting chamber II6 to chamber I92 when the abutment I00 is in the position shown in the drawings.

The cut-off valve chamber 91 is connected through a passage I is to the seat of the main equalizing slide valve I4, while chamber H0 is connected to a reduction reservoir H9 through a passage I20.

The release valve device comprises a poppet or cut-off valve I2I for normally closing communication from the application piston chamber 54 to an application and release pipe I22, and a movable abutment or piston I23 for unseating said cut-off valve.

The cut-01f valve I2I is contained in a chamber I24 formed in a bushing I25 which is assembled in the casing through an opening closed by a cap nut I26. A gasket I2! is interposed between the bushing and casing and the bushing is pressed into sealing engagement with said gasket in screwing the cap nut into place. The bushing I25 is provided with a seat rib I28 against whlch the cut-off valve is adapted to be pressed into sealing engagement by means of a spring I29 interposed between said cut-off valve and the cap nut I26. The bushing I25 defines an annular chamber I30 in the casing, which chamber is connected by a passage I3I to the application piston chamber 54, and is also connected through one or more ports I32 in the bushing to chamber I24 within the bushing.

The release piston I23 has at one side a chamber I33 connected through passage I34 to a release pipe I35, and has at the opposite side a chamber I33 which is vented to the atmosphere at all times through an atmospheric passage I31. The release piston is provided with a stem I38 having a sliding fit through an opening provided in a wall I39 of the casing. Carried in the end of stem I38 is a stud I49 having an annular rib Ml, between which and a cap nut I44, having screw-threaded engagement with-the end of said stud, is disposed a gasket I42 adapted to engage aseat rib I43 formed around the opening in wall I39 of the casing for preventing leakage from a chamber I45 through the clearance space surrounding stem I38 in the casing to chamber I36, when the piston is in the position shown in Fig. 2. A spring I46 is provided in chamber I45 and acts on the cap nut I44 to urge the gasket I42 into sealing engagement with seat rib I43.

Projecting from the cap nut I44 is an operating pin I41 adapted, upon movement of piston I23 towards the right hand, to engage the cutoff valve I2I and move said valve away from seat rib I28, such movement of piston I23 also moving the valve I42 away from seat rib I43. The release piston in its right hand position is adapted to seal on a rib I48 provided on a gasket I49 carried in the casing. In thenormal position of I the release piston, shown in Fig. 2, a leakage v, is provided with a passage I52 through which communication is established from said safety valve device to the seat of the equalizing slide valve I4.

The safety valvedevice I5I is of the usual well known construction adapted to blow down any excess of fluid pressure above the degree of pressure at which the safety valve device is set, and is provided with a port I53 through which fluid under pressure is adapted to be vented from passage I52 to the atmosphere,v the flow capacity of port I53 being adjustable by a ring I 54 having screw-threaded engagement with the casing and adapted to regulate the degree of openingof the port I53.

Contained in the casing of the equalizing valve portion is a check valve arrangement adapted to provide a ,by-pass from the brake pipe I2 to the equalizing piston chamber II in case the strainer device in member 34 becomes clogged up. This check valve arrangement comprises a check valve I55 contained in a chamber I56jconnected to the equalizing piston chamber through a passage I51 and strainer chamber 5I, said check valve being adapted to seal on'a seat rib I58 for closing communication from chamber I56 to a passage I 59 connected to the brake pipe I2. A cage member I60 is disposed in the casing in engagement with a gasket I6I and a plug member I62 is screwed into the casing and presses the cage member I60 into sealing engagement with the gasket I6I. The

cage member I60 and plug member I62 cooperate to form a chamber I63 containing a check valve I64 adapted to seal on a seat .rib I65, formed on said cage member, for closing communication from chamber I63 to chamber I56 through an aperture formed in said cage member. vA rib I66 on one side of the cage member I60 acts as a stop for limiting the unseating movement of the check valve I55 and a light spring I61 is interposed between said cage member and said checkvalve for urging said check valve into engagement with seat rib I58. .A rib I69 on the plug member I62 is adapted to limit the unseating movement of the check valve I64 and a light spring I10 is interposed between said plug member and check valve for urging said check valve into engagement with the seat rib I65. The chamber I63 is connected through an aperture I'II in the side wall of the cage member I60 to passage I59 and is also connected directly to the brake pipe I2 through passage 49 and pipe 50.

Due to the fact that the plug member I62 is secured in the casing, it will be obvious that the check valves I55 and I64 will be maintained properly assembled in case the equalizing valve device is removed'from' thefiller portion 1. If the strainer device in the casing member 34 should become so restricted as to prevent/the flow of fluid under pressure from the brakepipe I2 to the equalizing piston chamber II and from said chamber to the brake pipe, then fluid under pressure from the brake pipe I2 will flow to said chamber by way of pipe 50, passage 49, chamber 5 63, aperture I1I in the wall of cage member I60, passage I59, past the check valve I55 to chamber I56 and from thence through passage I51 to chamber 5| inside of the strainer device and from chamber 5I to the equalizing piston chamberl I. Upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure, fluid under pressure will flow from the equalizing pis-" ton chamber II to the brake pipe by way of chamber 5I, through passage I51, chamber I56, past the check valve I64 to chamber I63 and from thence through passage 49 and pipe 50 to brake pipe I2. Due to the fact that springs I61 and I10 only exert sufficient pressure on the check valves I55 and I64 to ensure seating of said valves, the flow of fluid to and from the equaliz-' ing piston chamber II will not be materially delayed over the flow through the strainer device when it is in working condition, so that even though the strainer device may become clogged, the equalizing valve device will operate as in tended in accordance with variations in brake pipe pressure.

The automatic brake valve device 2 is of the usual construction comprising a casing having a chamber I11 containing arotary valve I18 adapted to be operated by a handle I19 through the medium of a shaft I80. Secured to the casing is the usual handle guard I8I for preventing removal of handle I19 from the shaft I except when the handle lS'dIl. the usual lap or handle off position, lap position being the position in which the automatic brake valve device 2 is' Cori-- shown at the right hand side of Fig. 1. tained in the automatic brake valve device; is the usual equalizing discharge valvemechani'sm comprising a piston I 82 and a brake pipe discharge valve I83 operative by said piston. The

piston I82 has atone side achamber I84 connected to the usual equalizing reservoir I85 through a passage and pipe I 86; and a chamber I81 at the opposite side connected through a passage I89 and pipe I88 to the brake pipe I2.

The independent brake valve device is of the usual construction comprising a casing having a chamber 3I0 containing a rotary valve I90 adapt ed to be operated by a handle I 9| through the medium of a shaft I92. Secured tofthecasingis the usual handle guard I93 for preventing removal of handle I9I from the shaft I92 except when the handle is in the usual lap or handle off position, said position being the position in which the brakevalve device at the righthand side of Fig. 1 is shown.

pressure as carried in the brake pipe to pipe and passage I94 connecting to the seat of the rotary valve I18 in the automatic'brake valve device 2.

The reducing valve device 5 may be similar in construction to the feed valve device 4 ,and

adapted to supply fluid at the desired reduced pressure, such as that employed in controlling the brakes by operation of the independent brake valve device3, to pipeand passageI95 connecting to the seat of the rotary valve I90 in the independent brake valve device. A port I95 is provided through the rotary valve I90 for at all times maintaining communication from passag I95 to rotary valve chamber 3I0 so that in all positions of the independent brake valve device, the rotary valve chamber 3H1 is charged with fluid at reducing valve pressure.

In operation, both the automatic brake valve device 2 and independent brake valve device 3 at the non-operating end of the locomotive are turned to handle-on or lap position and the handle of each brake valve device is then removed and placed on the corresponding brake valve device at the control end of the locomotive. 'In the present instance, it will be assumed that the brake valve devices at the left hand side of Fig. 1 are at the operating end, the brake valve devices at the right hand side of Fig. 1 being both shown in the handle-oil or lap position. Since the operation of the brake equipment is the same from both ends of the locomotive, the operation or control only from the left hand end will be described, the operation from the right hand end being the same as from the left hand end. It will also be understood that on a steam locomotive, where only a single automatic brake valve and independent brake valve areprovided, the operation will be the same. The main reservoir 86 is maintained charged with fluid under pressure in the usual well known manner and fluid under pressure flows from said reservoir through pipe 88 to the automatic brake valve device 2, the feed valve device 4 and reducing valve device 5 at each end of the locomotive, and also from pipe 88 to the distributing valve device I.

Fluid at main reservoir pressure supplied to the automatic brake valve device 2 flows through passage I98 to the rotary valve chamber I11 and acts in said chamber to press the rotary valve I18 into engagement with its seat. At the non operating end of thelocomotive, fluid at main reservoir pressure flows from the rotary valve chamber I11 through a port I99 in rotary valve I18 to passage I94'leading to the feed valve device 4, so that-the feed valve device is subject on each side to main reservoir pressure and therefore placed in a balanced condition.

The reducing valve device 5 operates to reduce the main reservoir pressure in pipe 88 to that employed in controlling the brakes by the independent brake valve device 3, and to supply fluid at the reduced pressure topipe I95 from which fluid at the reduced pressure flows through port I96 in the rotary valve I90 of the independent brake valve device to the rotary valve chamber 3I0 and presses said rotary valve into engagement with its seat.

Thefeed valve device 4 at the control endof the locomotive operates to reduce the main reservoir pressure supplied through 'pipe 88 to the pressure desired to be carried in the brake pipe I2, and to supply fluid at the reduced pressure to pipe I94, through which fluid at feed valve pressure flows to the seat of the rotary valve I18 in the automatic brake valve device.

With the automatic brake valve device 2 at the control end of the locomotive in running position as shown inFig. 1, a cavity 200 in rotary valve I18 connects passage I94 to the brake pipe passage I89 and to a passage 20I connected to the equalizing piston chamber I84, so that fluid at feed valve pressure is supplied through passage I89 to the equalizing discharge valve piston chamber I81, and from passage I89 through pipe I88 to brake pipe I2, and at the same time through passage 20I to the equalizing discharge valve piston chamber I84. From chamber I84, fluid under pressure flows through passage and pipe I86 to the equalizing reservoir I85. The chambers I84 and I81 at the opposite sides of the equalizing discharge valve piston I82, and the equalizing reservoir I 85 are thus charged with fluid at substantially the same time and at substantially the same pressure, so that said piston operates in the usual manner to hold the brake pipe discharge valve I83 seated.

1 Fluid under pressure supplied to the brake pipe I2 flows therefrom through branch pipe 50 to the distributing valve device I, and from thence through passages 49 and 48 to chamber 41 surrounding the strainer device in the member 34. From chamber 41 fluid under pressure flows through the strainer device to chamber SI and from thence through passage 53 and opening 52 in the piston stop 36 to the equalizing piston chamber II,

' With the equalizing piston I0 in the normal release position, shown in Fig. 2, which position is defined by the mere engagement of piston stop 29 with cap member I1, fluid under pressure flows from piston chamber II through a feed groove 202 and from thence through the space between the back of said piston and the sealing rib .203 on gasket 204, to valve chamber I3, and from thence through passage I9 at the inner end of the main slide valve I4 to chamber I8, then through passage'2l to the pressure chamber 22, so that the equalizing valve chamber I3 and pressure chamber 22 are charged with fluid to the pressure carried in the brake pipe.

With the equalizing slide valves I4 and I5 in the normal release position, shown in Fig. 2, the application piston chamber 54 is opened to the atmosphere through passages I3I and 205, cavity 206, port 201 and cavity 208 in the slide valve I4, passage 209, choke plug 2I0, passage 2| I, application and release pipe I22 leading to the independent brake valve device 3, passage 2I2 in said brake valve device, cavity 2I3 in the rotary valve I90, passage 2I4, pipe 2I5 leading from the independent brake valve device to the automatic brake valve device, passage 2I6 in the automatic brake valve device, cavity 2I1 in the rotary valve I18 and from thence through passage 2I8 to the atmosphere. The application chamber 2I9 is connected to a passage 220 which leads to the seat of slide valve I4 andwhich registers in release position with cavity 208, so that the applica- 'tion chamber is also connected to the atmosphere, with the application piston chamber.

In initially charging the distributing valve device,'.and with the application piston chamber 54 open to the atmosphere, as above described,

the supply valve piston 89 is pressed into engagement with seat rib 13 by means of spring 16, and the pilot valve 80 is seated by spring 82, while chamber 92 at the back of the supply valve piston and chambers 12 and H are charged with fluid under pressure from the main reservoir 88 pipe 88, through passage 81 and choke plug 90.

With the slide valves I4 and I5 of the equalizing portion in the normal release position shown in Fig. 2, the reduction reservoir H9 is vented to the atmosphere through passage I20, chamber H0 in the reduction reservoir cut-oil? valve device,-past the cut-off valve 96 to chamber 91, thence through passage I I8, port 22I in the main slide valve I4, cavity 222 in the auxiliary slide valve I5, port 223 and cavity 224 in the main slide valve I4 and an atmospheric passage 225.

With the independent brake valve device 3 in the usual running position, as shown in Fig. 1, the release piston chamber I33 of the release valve device in the distributing valve device is vented to the atmosphere through passage I34, pipe I35 leading from the distributing valve device to the independent brake valve device, passage 226 in said brake valve device, cavity 227 in the rotary valve I90 and atmospheric passage 228. With the release piston chamber I33 vented to the atmosphere, spring I46 seats the valve I42 on seat rib I03. In this position of valve I42, pin I4? is out of engagement with the cut-off valve I2I, and said cut-off valve is seated against seat rib I28 by the spring I29.

If it is desired to eflect a service application of the brakes on the locomotive, the automatic brake valve device 2 is turned to service position in which fluid under pressure is vented from the equalizing discharge valve piston chamber I84 and the connected equalizing reservoir I85 through passage 229, cavity 230 in rotary valve I18 and the atmospheric passage 2H3, as will be clear from Fig. 10, the rate at which fluid is ventet being governed by the usual preliminary exhaust choke 23I. As the pressure of fluid acting in chamber I8 5 of the equalizing discharge valve device is thus reduced, brake pipe pressure acting in chamber Isl moves said piston upwardly, which pulls the brake pipe discharge valve I83 from its seat and permits fluid under pressure to flow from the brake pipe I2 through pipe 588, passage i355, chamber I37, past the discharge valve I83 and to the atmosphere through the usualexhaust choke fitting 232. I

As the brake pipe pressure is reduced in the above manner, fluid imder pressure flows back from the equalizing piston chamber II to the brake pipe I2, eflecting a corresponding reduction in pressure in chamber I I.

Upon a reduction in pressure in piston chamber II, the pressure of fluid in valve chamber I3 moves the piston I0 and auxiliary slide valve 55.

outwardly relative to the main slide valve I4, until the shoulder 24 on the end of the piston stem I5 engages the end of the main slide valve I4, as shown in Fig. 4. i

In the traverse of piston It) to the position shown in Fig. 4, the shoulder 21 on plunger 26 engages the end of the main slide valve I at the time said piston closes communication from piston chamber II to valve chamber I3 through the feed groove 282, and the auxiliary slide valve I5 closes communication between ports 22I and 223 in the main slide valve 84. The continued movement of the piston 10 and auxiliary'slide valve to the position shown in Fig. 4 moves the plunger 26 inwardly of the piston stern against the opposing pressure of spring 28, but this is merely incidental in effecting an application of the brakes. The purpose of spring 28 and plunger 26 will hereinafter be described in detail.

In the position of piston I0 and the auxiliary slide valve I5 shown in Fig. 4, the port 22! through the main slide valve is opened to valve chamber I3 so that fluid under pressure. is permitted to flow from said valve chamber and the connected pressure chamber 22 through said port to passage IE8 and from thence to valve chamber 91 in the reduction reservoir cut-off valve device, then past the normally unseated valve 96 to chamber Ill? and from thence through passage I20 to the reduction reservoir IIS.

The venting of fluid under pressure from the equalizing valve chamber I3 and connected pressure chamber 22 to the reduction reservoir H9 at the same time as the brake pipe pressure is being reduced in the equalizing piston chamber Ii prevents the build up of a sufficient pressure differential on the'piston I0 to cause the movement of the main slide valve I4. This venting of fluid to the reduction reservoir-H9 continues until a predetermined pressure, such as fifty pounds, is obtained in said reservoir and chamber I I!) of the reduction reservoir cut-oil valve device.

Fluid under pressure flows from chamber IIO through passage H5 in the bushing I09 to chamber I M at one side of the cut-off valve piston I00 and builds up a pressure on said piston as the pressure increases in the reduction reservoir; Now, at the time fifty pounds pressure is obtained in the reduction reservoir, the pressure acting on the cut-off valve piston I00 overcomes the opposing pressure of spring 'IOI and moves piston I00 outwardly. Fluid which may leak past the gasket 5 I I when the piston I00 is seated against seat rib I i3 escapes to the atmosphere through groove I I1 and chamber I35, but the initial outward movement of piston I80 closes the groove H1 and also permits fluid under pressure from chamber H4 to act on the full area of piston I80, which causes said piston to promptly move to its outermost position, in which it engages and seals upon a gasket 233.

The outward movement of piston I00 pulls the stem 2S8 away from the cut-off valve 96, permitting said valve to be urged into engagement with seat rib 39 by the spring 98, so as to prevent further flow of fluid under pressure from the pressure chamber 22 and equalizing valve chamber I3 to the reduction reservoir I I9.

As above mentioned, the reduction reservoir cut-off valve piston is operated to close communication to the reduction reservoir I I9 when a predetermined pressure, of for instance fifty pounds, is obtained in said reservoir, the volume of the reduction reservoir II9 being so proportioned to the combined volumes of the pressure chamber 22 and equalizing valve chamber I3 that when fifty pounds pressure is obtained in the reduction reservoir, a reduction of approximately five pounds is effected in the pressure inthe pressure chamber 22, regardless of the pressure towhich the pressure chamber is initially charged from the brake pipe. It will thusbe evident, that regardless of the normal degree of brake pipe pressure carried, the reduction reservoir cut-oil valve device operates to limit the reduction in pressure in the pressure chamber to about five pounds, which corresponds to the reduction required in the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir on a car for moving the brake cylinder piston on the car to the brake applying position.

After the reduction reservoir cut-01f valve operates to close communication from the pressure chamber 22 to the reductionreservoir, and when' the brake pipe pressure becomes reduced a'predetermined degree below the reduced pressure acting in the equalizing-valve chamber I3, the equalizing piston I0 is operated and moves the auxiliary slide valve I 4 and main slide valve I5 passage 205 so that fluid under pressure is permitted to flow from the pressure chamber 22 through the equalizing valve chamber 53 to passage 205 and from thence through passage I31 to the application piston chamber 54.

In the service position of the main slide valve I4, communication is maintained between the application chamber 2E9 and application piston chamber 54 through passage 229, cavity 258, port 291 and cavity 206 in said slide valve, and passages 205 and IN so that fluid under pressure is supplied to both of said chambers at the same time, the chamber 2| 9 being provided to increase the volume of the application piston chamber 54 in effecting a service application of the brakes.

Fluid under pressure thus supplied to the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 219 acts on the application piston 68 and moves'said piston toward the right hand, the initial movement of said piston being relative to the brake cylinder exhaust valve 65 until the shoulder El engages the end of said valve. Further movement of piston 68 then moves the slide valve to the right so as to lap the brake cylinder release passage 236.

After the brake cylinder release passage 236 is closed, the continued movement of the application piston 68 brings the end of the stem 63 into operating engagement with the pilot valve pin 84, and then thepilot valve 80 is moved out of engagement with seat rib 8| against the opposing pressure of the light seating spring 82.

The unseating of the pilot valve 80 vents fluid under pressure from chambers 92 and 12 to the application valve chamber 5'! at such a rate relative to the capacity of the choke plug 9%! to supply fluid under pressure to said chambers, that the pressure in said chambers is reduced to a degree such that there remains only a slight pressure differential acting on the valve piston 69 tending to hold same seated.

The application piston stem 63 moves into engagement with the head portion 18 of the member 11 in unseating the pilot valve 89, but venting communication past the pilot valve 88 to valve chamber 57 is maintained through the slot 85, and as soon as the pressure is reduced in cham ber 92 at the back of the valve piston 59, the application piston 68 moves the valve piston 69 away from the seat rib 13. It will thus be seen that the valve piston 69 will be unseated by operation of the application piston 68, when only a slight increase in pressure in the application piston chamber 54 has been made.

The unseating of the supply valve piston 69 permits fluid under pressure, as supplied from the main reservoir 86 through pipe 68 and passage 81 to chamber H, to flow from said chamber past said valve piston to the application valve chamber 51 and from thence to the brake cylinder 58 through passages 59 and E0 and pipe 6!, thereby applying the locomotive brakes.

In effecting a service application of the brakes, the degree of the application depends upon the degree of reduction in brake pipe pressure, the maximum application being obtained if a full service reduction in brake pipe pressure is effected. If less than a full service reduction in brake pipe pressure is eifected, then when the pressure acting in the equalizing valve chamber I3 is reduced, by flow tothe application piston chamber54 and application chamber 2l9, to a degree slightly below the reduced brake pipe pressure acting in piston chamber H, the equal izing piston I0 is moved toward the left to lap position, this movement of piston l0 shifting the auxiliary slide valve l5 so as to lap the service port 234 through the main slide valve l4 and thereby cut off the supply of fluid under pressure to the application piston chamber 54.

As fluid under pressure is supplied to the brake cylinder, fluid under pressure flows from the brake cylinder passage 59 through the choke passage 62 to the application piston chamber 55, and when the pressure of fluid in said chamber acting on the application piston 68, plus the pressure in valve chamber 57 acting on one side of the baffle piston 56, becomes slightly greater than the pressure in chamber 54 acting on the opposite side ofpiston 68, the application piston 68 is moved toward the left hand to lap position. As the piston 68 moves toward lap position, spring 16 moves the valve piston 69 into engagement with seat rib 13, following which, spring 82 seats the pilot valve 86, so that the supply of fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder is cut off.

If less than a full service application of the brakes is effected, a further reduction in brake pipe pressure will cause the equalizing piston l0 to move the auxiliary slide valve 15 from lap position to service position and cause the application valve device to again function in the same manner as above described to increase the brake cylinder pressure in accordance with the degree of brake pipe reduction.

In order to prevent a fluttering or vibratory movement of the application piston 68 and supply valve piston 69 when supplying fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder, the battle piston 56 is provided to prevent the rapid build up of pressure in valve chamber 57 from being effective in chamber 55, while the supply of fluid to chamber 55 is retarded by choked passage 62 and leakage past said bafile piston. By this means, the pressure in the application piston chamber 54 increases slightly in advance of the increase in pressure in chamber 55, so that as long as fluid is being supplied to chamber 54, the application piston 63 will maintain the supply valve piston 69 unseated, and. it will be noted that the extent to which the valve piston 69 is unseated in effecting a service application of the brakes is only suilicient to permit the brake cylinder pressure and the pressure in chamber 55 to build up at a rate substantially equal to the service rate of supply of fluid under pressure to the application piston chamber 54.

When the supply valve piston 69 is unseated, the opposing fluid pressures acting on said valve piston are substantially equal, but the application piston 68 holds said valve piston unseated against the pressure of spring 76 which aids the pressure in chamber 55 to move the application piston toward lap position, so that the pressure obtained by flow past the supply valve piston 69 to the brake cylinder will be less than the actuating pressure in the application piston chamber 54 by an amount equal to the value of spring 16. However, after the valve piston 69 seats, a continued flow of fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder occurs past the unseated pilot valve 88 until the brake cylinder pressure builds up to within the value of the light spring 82 acting on said pilot valve, at which time the application piston 68 is moved to the lap position to permit the seating of said pilot valve. Due to the fact that the pilot valve spring 82 is very light as compared to the valve piston spring '56, the brake cylinder pressure will be increased to substantially the actuating pressure in the application piston chamber. If there should be leakage of fluid under pres sure from the brake cylinder, then assoon as the pressure acting in ohamber'55 on the application piston 68 and in valve .chamber51 on the baffle piston 55 is reduced below the actuatingpressure in the application pistonchamber54 an amount slightly exceeding the pressure acting toseat'the pilot valve the application piston 68 is adapted to unseat the pilot valve 89 and supply fluidunder pressure fromvalve piston chamber 92 to the brake cylinder to compensate forsuch leakage.

The pilot valve stem I9 adjacent the seat, is provided with a cone-shaped portion 231', most clearly shown inFig. 7, forvarying the area of opening through which. fluid under pressure is adapted to flow from the valve piston chamber 92 to valve chamber 57, and from thence to the brake cylinder, so that in maintaining the brake cylinder pressure against leakage, the pilot Valve 83 will be moved awayiromthe seat rib 8leuntil the rate of supply of fluid to the brake cylinder, as governed by the flow area past the cone-shaped portion23l, is just equal to therate of leakage of fluid under pressurefrom the brake cylinder.

In fact, when there is leakage or fluid under pressure from the brake cylinder, .the application pis-J ton 68 may never permit the pilot valve '80 to seat, when supplying fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder, but instead, said piston .will move toward lap position, until the supply of fluid past the pilot valve just equals the rate of leakage of fluid under pressure from thebrake cylinder. It is well known that in the case of an ordinary poppet valve, the area of the opening through which fluid under pressure may flow varies according to the amount the poppet valveis unseated, but, the movement of said poppet valve from the seated position to the wide open posi tion is so small that the area of the opening can? not be readily controlled. By providing the coneshaped portionESl on the poppet valve stem however, the above mentioned limitation of the ordinary poppet valve is overcome and the area of the opening through which fluid under pressure can flow is varied through a greater range of movement and therefore can be accurately controlled. V

When the equalizing slidevalves I4 and I5 are moved to service position, the application piston chamber 54 and the connected application chamber 2I9 are connected to the safety, valve device I5I by way of the application piston chamber passage 295, cavity 286 and port 201 in slide valve I4, a cavity 238 in the auxiliary slide valve I5, port 239 and cavity 2% in the main slide valve I4 and from thence through passage I52, so that in effecting a service application of the brakes, the safety valve device will prevent the accumulation of a pressure in said chambers exceeding the adjustment of said safety valve device. When the auxiliary slide valve I5 is moved relative-to the main slide valve M from service position to lap position, the ports 239 and 29! are disconnected from each other and both lapped, so that the fluid under pressure in application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9 isbottled up, thus preventing possible leakage past the safety valve device from undesirably reducing the actuating pressure on the application piston when the controlling valves are in lap position.

"In effecting an applicationof the brakes, the application and release pipe I22 is charged with fluid under pressure from the brake cylinder passage 69 through a choke 300 in said passage, past a check valve 24 I through a passage 242, through a cavity-243 in the Live-Dead Eng cover plate .I'I2, and through passage 2| I, the purpose of which will be'fully described hereinafter.

In order-to effect a release of the brakes after a service application, the automatic brake valve device-2 at the-operating end of the locomotive may be turned to the running'po'sition shown in Fig.1 to efifect the release" of the brakes if the train is a short-one. In running positionthe brake-pipe I2, equalizing reservoir I85 and equalizing discharge valve piston chambers I84 and It? are charged withfiuid under pressure from the feed valve device 4 in thesamemanner as in initially charging the brake equipment;

As the brake pipe pressure is increased, fluid under pressure flows from'said brake pipe'to the equalizing piston chamber ll of the distributing valve device, and when the pressure in said chamber is increased to a predetermined degree abovethe. opposing. pressure in valve chamber I3, the equalizing piston I is operated to shift the main slide. valve I4 and. auxiliary slide valve-liback to the normal release position shown in Fig. 2, this positionbeing defined by the mere engagement of the piston stop 29 with the cap memberl'l.

In this normal release position, the equalizingvalve chamber .I3 and pressure chamber 22 are charged up to brake pipe pressure by the supply of fluid under. presssure from'piston chamber I I through the feed groove 202. I

In the normal release position of the equalizing slide valves I4 and I5, the application piston chamber M is connected-through passages I 3| and 265 tocavity 206 in the slide valve I 4-and from thence through port 20'! in ,said slide valve to cavity 288, to which cavity .the application chamber H9 .is also connected throughpassage 229, so that fluidunder pressure is vented simul-- taneously from both of said chambers by way of the cavity 268, passage 209, choke plug 2I0,.passage 2I I, pipe I22 leading to the independent brake valve device, passage 2 I 2 in said brake valve device, portZi 3 in the rotary valve I92, passage- 2%, pipe 215 connecting the independent brake valve device to the automatic brake valve device, passage H6 in the automatic brake valve device, port 2|? in the rotaryvalve I18 and through the atmospheric passage 2| 3. I

The venting of fluid underpressure'from the application piston chamber. 54 reduces the pres-. sure in said chamber so that the opposing pressure in chambers 55 and isipermitted to move the application piston 68 to the release position shown in Fig. 2. This movement of the application piston 58 causes the shoulder El on the piston stem 63 to engage the exhaust slide valve 65 and move said slide valve to thejrelease position in which thevalve chamber 51 is connected to the atmosphere past the right hand end of said slide valve and through a port 254 in said slide valve to the atmospheric passage 235. With the valve chamber 5? thus connected to the atmosphere, fluid under pressure is vented from the brake cylinder 58 through pipe BI, passages 60 and 59,valve chamber 51, through the exhaust slide valve 65 and theatmospheric passage 236, thereby efiecting a release-of the-brakes, V I

.As hereinbefore-described in connection witheif'ecting a service application of the. brakes, the application and release pipe I22 is charged with fluid under pressure from the brake cylinder 58 by way of the check valve 2 and through cavity 243 in the,Live-Dead Eng'cover plate I'I2, so;

that when the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9 are connected to said pipe upon movement of the equalizing slide valves I4 and I5 to the normal release position, there will not be an uncontrolled reduction in pressure by flow of fluid from said chamber into said pipe and a consequent uncontrolled partial release of the brakes, as would otherwise occur if said pipe had to be charged with fluid under pressure from said chambers in effecting a release of the brakes. The choke plug 2 I0 is provided to control the rate at which the locomotive brakes release, the object being to synchronize the release of the locomotive brakes with the release of the brakes on the train.

Since the release of the locomotive brakes is controlled through passage 2 IS in the automatic brake valve device 2, the automatic brake valve device may be moved to lap position and lap passage 2I6 so as to limit the degree of reduction in pressure in the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9. If the degree of reduction in the application piston chamber is thus limited, fluid under pressure will continue to be vented from the brake cylinder only until the pressure acting in valve chamber 51 and piston chamber 55 is reduced to a degree slightly below the pressure in chamber 54, at which time the application piston'68 will be moved to the right and will shift the slide valve 65 so as to lap the brake cylinder exhaust passage 236, thereby preventing a further reduction in brake cylinder pressure. When desired, the automatic brake valve device may again be moved to running position and a further release of the locomotive brakes will be effected. It will thus be evident, that when the automatic brake valve device is alternately moved between running and lap positions for increasing the brake pipe pressure in steps to effect the usual graduated release of brakes on the train, the locomotive brakes will be graduated ofi simultaneously.

Especially in handling a long train, it is the usual practice to accelerate the charging of the brake pipe by moving the brake valve device to release position before moving to running position, so as to supply fluid at the high pressure carried in the main reservoir directly to the brake pipe,.and then after a certain lapse of time the brake valve device is moved from the release position to the running position.

The supplying of fluid under pressure directly frorn'the main reservoir to the brake pipe, with the automatic brake valve device in release position, causes a rapid increase in brake pipe pressure at the head end of the train, which in turn accelerates the operation of the triple valve devices on cars at the head end of the train to release the brakes on said cars. In order to prevent the cars at the head end of the train, on which the brakes release as just described, from running away from the remainder of the train on which the brakes are still applied, the locomotive brakes are held applied by lapping passage 2I6 in the automatic brake valve device, through which passage the locomotive brakes are released in running position of the brake valve device, as hereinbefore described.

It the brake valve device is moved to release position in effecting a release of the brakes, the rapid increase in brake pipe pressure exceeds the flow capacity of the feed groove 202 around the equalizing piston I0 to such an extent that a sufiicient diiferential of pressures is obtained between the pressure in the valve chamber I3 and the pressure in thepiston chamber II to move the piston I 0 inwardly from the normal release position shown in Fig. 2, to an inner position in which said piston engages and seals upon the bead 203 of gasket 204, the movement to this inner position being opposed by the control spring 32 in the end of the piston stem I6.

With the equalizing piston I0 sealing on the gasket bead 203, fluid supplied from the brake pipe through feed groove 202 must flow through a choke plug 245 and passage 246 tothe valve chamber I3 and from thence to the pressure chamber 22. The flow capacity of the choke plug 245 is such that arranged in series with feed groove 202, the valve chamber I3 and pressure chamber 22 will not become charged to a pressure higher than that carried in the brake pipe during the time the automatic brake valve device is in release position supplying fluid at main reservoir pressure to the brake pipe. When the brake valve device is turned from the release position to the running position, the pressure of fluid in the brake pipe and in the equalizing piston chamber I I reduces, due to equalization toward the rear of the train, to that supplied by the feed valve device 4, and

after the brake pipe pressure thus reduces, the

pressure of spring 32 in the end of the equalizing piston stem I6, moves the equalizing piston I0 outwardly to the normal release position shown in Fig. 2.

When the equalizing piston I0 is moved to the inner position, the main slide valve I4 is also moved to an inner position and remains there when the piston I 0 is returned to its normal position by the action of spring 32. The auxiliary slide valve I5 however moves with the piston I0 from the inner position to the normal position, but the same communications are maintained through said slide valves in both the normal and inner release positions, so that the operation of said valves in effecting a service application of the brakes when the slide valve I4 is in the inner position is the same as hereinbefore described.

With the equalizing slide valve I4 in either the normal release or inner release position, passage I I8 is opened to the atmosphere through port 22I in the main slide valve I4, cavity 222 in the auxiliary slide valve I5, port 223 and cavity 224 in said main slide valve and atmospheric passage 225. Passage I I8 communicates with chamber 91 in the reduction reservoir cut-oil. valve device, so that fluid is vented from said chamber which permits fluid at reduction reservoir pressure in chamber II 0 to unseat the poppet valve 96 and flow to chamber 91 and. from thence to the atmosphere through passage I I8. When the reduction reservoir pressure in chamber H0 and acting in chamber I I6 on piston I00 is reduced to below the opposing pressure of spring I 0| on said piston, the spring IOI returns said piston to the position shown in the drawings. In this position of the piston I00, the piston stem I08 engages and holds the poppet valve 96 unseated so as to permit a complete release of fluid under pressure from the reduction reservoir H9.

If it is desired to efiect an emergency applicationof the brakes, the automatic brake valve device is turned to emergency position, in which position fluid under pressure is rapidly vented from the brake pipe I2 through pipe I88, passage I89, cavity 241 in the rotary valve I18 and from thence to the atmosphere through the atmospheric passage 2I8, as indicated in Fig. 10. The resultant sudden reduction in pressure in the brake pipe and equalizing piston chamber II of the distributing valve device permits the pressure in valve chamber I3 to move th'e equalizing piston Hi and slide valves l4 and IS-Irom the release position to the emergency position defined by engagement of the piston II] with the gasket 35, as shown in Fig. 6.

In emergency position of themain slide valve I4, fluid under pressure is permitted to flow from valve chamber I3 and pressure chamber 22 through an emergency port 248 in said slide valve to passage 295 and from thence to the application piston chamber 54. Fluid under pressure thus supplied to chamber 54 moves the application pis-' ton 68 into engagement withthe shoulder 9!, such movement first shifting the exhaust slide valve 65 so as to lap the release passage 236 and then unseating the supply valve piston 69 for supplying fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder 58 for applying the brakes in the same manner as When a service application of the brakes is effected;

In emergency position of the main slide valve I4, the pressure chamber 22 and valve chamber I3 are connected only to the application piston chamber 54, the application chamber 2|9 being cut off, so that the pressure in the pressure chamber equalizes into the small volume of the piston chamber 54, thus producing a high emergency pressure in chamber 54 and consequently in the brake cylinder 58.

In emergency position of the automatic brake valve device, the feed valve passage I94 is connected through a cavity 259 in the rotary valve I18 to the application and release passage I22 as indicated in Fig. 10, so that when effecting an emergency application of the brakes, fluid at the pressure supplied by the feed valve device 4 is supplied to the application and release passage and pipe I22 leading to the distributing valve device, and from thence through passages 2H and 25I to chamber I in the independent release valve device, then past the cut-ofi? valve I2I to chamber I24 and from thence through passage I3I to the application piston chamber 54 which at this time is connected to the equalizing valve chamber I3 and pressure chamber 22.

The supplying of fluid under pressure from the feed valve l device 4 to the application piston chamber 54 and pressure chamber 22, in efiecting an emergency application of the brakes, is adapted to maintain the pressure in said chambers in case there is leakage of fluid under pressure from said chambers.

, The pressure obtained in the application piston chamber54 by equalization of fluid under pressure from the pressure chamber 22 and by the maintaining supply of fluid under pressure from the brake valve device normally exceeds the setting of the safety valve device I5! In emergency position of the main slide valve I4,'the safety valve device I5! is connected to the equalizing slide valve chamber I3 through passage I52 and choke 249 which is uncovered byv the end of the slide valve I4, so that when the pressure exceeds the setting of the safety valve device, the safety valve device will operate to' vent fluid under pres-' sure from the equalizing valve chamber I3' and the connected pressure chamber 22 and application piston chamber 54. The choke 249 is adapted however to so restrict the supply of fluid under pressure to'the safety valve device as compared to the rate of supply of fluid under pressure from the feed valve device through the automatic brake valve device 2. to the above mentioned chambers, that 'abalanceof pressures is obtained in said chambers which exceeds the adjustment of the safety valve device, but which provides the high emergency brake cylinder pressure.

It will be evident that since the pressure in the pressure chamber varies accordingto the degree of pressure normally carried'inthe brake pipe, the degree of pressure at which the pressure cham-, ber equalizes into the application piston chamber also varies with the normal brake pipe pressurel Consequently, since with our invention, the pressure in the application piston chamber and in the pressure chamber is maintained by flow from the same feed valve device which supplies fluid to maintain the brake pipe pressure, the balanced pressure obtained in the application piston chamber and in the pressure chamber varies as-the setting of the feed valve device 4 or in other words, as the brake pipe pressure carried. The brake cylinder pressure obtained on cars in a train varies as the brake pipe pressure carried, and it is equally as important that the same variation in brake cylinder pressure be obtained on a locomotive, as above described, in order to provide uniform braking action on the locomotive and cars of a train.

In effecting an emergency application of the brakes, the movement of the slide valves I4 and I5 from release position to emergency position is rapid and although there might be a slight hesitation in said movement at the time the main slide valve I4 is engaged by shoulder 24 on the piston stern, there will be no appreciable flow of fluid to the reduction reservoir, but it is not necessary that the reduction reservoir function in effecting an emergency application of the brakes, as is the case when a service application of the brakes is efie'oted.

In emergency position of the main slide valve it will be noted that fluid under pressure may also flowfrom valve chamber I3 through the service port 234 to the application piston chamber passage 205 at the same time as through the emergency port 248, this being on account of the service port still registering with the extension cavity 253 of the passage 205, and the reason for this will be hereinafter described.

In eiiecting an emergency application of the brakes,-fluid under pressure is vented irom the equalizing reservoir I85 and equalizing discharge valve piston chamber I84 through passage 29I in the automatic brake valve device 2, cavity 241 in the rotary valve I18 and atmospheric passage M8 at the same time as fluid under pressure is vented from the brake pipe, in the usual manner.

In order to effect a release of the locomotive brakes after an emergency application, the automatic brake valve device 2 is turned to running position, or first to release position and then after a certain lapse of time to running position, for charging the brake pipe I2, equalizing discharge valve piston chambers I81 and I84 and the equalizing reservoir I85 to the pressure supplied by the feed valve device 4 in the same manner as when releasing the brakes after a service application. The distributing valve device responds to the increase in brake pipe pressure in the equalizing piston chamber II and charges the pressure chamber 22 to brake pipe pressure, opens the reduction reservoir I I9 and'application chamber 2!!) to the atmosphere, and vents fluid under pressure from the application piston chamber.

It is possible in effecting either a service or an emergency application of the brakes, that the main slide valve I4 may stick and a greater than normal pressure differential will be necessary on the equalizing piston I to start the movement of said slide valve with the result that when the slide valve finally moves, the excess of pressure differential acting on the piston will, in effecting a service application of the brakes, pull or cause the main slide valve I4 to jump to a position slightly beyond the normalservice position shown in Fig. 5, but at the same time slightly to the rear of the emergency position shown in Fig. 6, while in the case of an emergency application of the brakes, the slide valve I4 may overtravel or jump to a position beyond the normal emergency position shown in Fig. 6. Such overtravel of the main slide valve I4 will not interfere in effecting either a service or an emergency application of the brakes however, for reasons which Will now be described.

As hereinbefore described, it will be noted that passage 205 leading to the application piston chamber 54 terminates in a cavity 253 in the seating face of the main slide valve, and in the normal service position, shown in Fig. 5, the service port 234 is in full registry with said cavity. Full registration of port 234 with cavity 253 is then maintained even beyond the normal emergency position shown in Fig. 6. Cavity 208 in the seating face of the main slide valve maintains communication from the application piston chamber 54 to the application chamber 2I9 until the emergency port 248 starts to register with the application piston chamber passage 235, and the safety valve passage I52 is provided with acavity extension in the seat of the main slide valve for maintaining communication from the application piston chamber 54 to the safety valve device II up to the time the choke 249, which opens into passage I52, is uncovered by the end of the main slide valve. It will now be evident that although, in effecting a service application of the brakes, the main slide valve I4 may be moved beyond the normal service position shown in Fig. 5, a service application of the brakes will be effected the same as if the slide valve had stopped in service position, but just as soon as emergency position is reached, the application chamber passage 220 is lapped so as to prevent flow of fluid under pressure to the application chamber in emergency position.

It will be evident from Fig. 6 that the emergency communications through the main slide valve I4 will be maintained the same even though the main slide valve I4 should jump forward into engagement with shoulder 23 on the piston stem I 6 when the piston I0 is in emergency position engaging gasket 35.

If it is desired to apply'the locomotive brakes independently of the train brakes when the train brakes are released and the automatic brake valve device and equalizing portion of the distributing valve device are in release position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the independent brake valve device 3 may be turned to either quick application position or slow application position according to how fast it is desired to apply the locomotive brakes.

In quick application position of the independent brake valve device, fluid at the pressure supplied by the reducing valve device 5 to rotary valve chamber 3I0 flows from said chamber through a port 254 to passage 2I2, as indicated in Fig. 11, and from thence through the application and release pipe I22 to the distributing valve device, then through passage 2II in the distributing valve device,past a check valve 255 to passage 209 leading to the seat of the main slide valve I4. From passage 209, fluid under pressure flows through cavity 208 in slide valve l4 to passage 220 leading to the application chamber 2I9 and also from cavity 208 through port 201 and cavity 206 in said slide valve to passage 205 through which fluid under pressure is supplied to passage I3I leading to the application piston chamber 54. Fluid under pressure is thus simultaneously supplied to the application chamber 2I9 and application piston chamber 54 and operates the application portion of the distributing valve device to supply fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder 58 in the same manner as hereinbefore described and at a rate governed by the rate at which fluid under pressure is supplied to the application piston chamber 54.

If it is desired to limit the degree of pressure obtained in effecting an independent application of the locomotive brakes to less than the pressure supplied by the reducing valve device 5, then when the desired degree of application of brakes is obtained on the locomotive, the independent brake valve device is turned to lap position, in which position passage 2I2 is lapped so as to prevent further flow of fluid under pressure to the distributing valve device.

In the slow application position of the independent brake valve device, the locomotive brakes are applied in the same manner as in the quick application position except at a slower rate, the supply of fluid at reducing valve pressure to the distributing valve device occurring through port 251 in the rotary valve I90, and a restricted passage 258 opening into passage 2I2, as indicated in Fig. 11, through which passage 2I2 fluid under pressure is supplied to the distributing valve device, the same as when a quick application of the locomotive brakes is effected.

When it is desired to effect a release of the locomotive brakes by operation of the independent brake valve device, the brake valve device may be turned to running position, in which position, with the automatic brake valve device in running position and the equalizing slide valve I4 of the distributing valve device in release position, fluid under pressure is vented from the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9 to the atmosphere through the choke plug 2I0 and both of said brake valve devices, in the same manner as when releasing the locomotive brakes by operation of the automatic brake valve device after a service application.

In effecting a release of the locomotive brakes as just described, it will be noted that the check valve 255 prevents back flow from passage 209 to passage 2 so that the release of fluid from the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9 must occur through and therefore be controlled by the release choke 2I0.

It will be noted here that in effecting an application of the locomotive brakes by operation of the independent brake 'valve device, fluid under pressure supplied by said brake valve device to passage 2|I in the distributing valve device may flow through the choke plug 2I0 to the application piston chamber 54 and application chamber 2I9 as well as past the check valve 255, but this flow through the choke plug 2I0 is merely incidental. The choke plug 2 I 0 is, as above described, provided to control the release of the locomotive brakes with the independent brake valve device in rumiing position, and the check valve 255 operates in releasing the locomotive brakes to pre vent back flow through the communication by way of which the brakes are applied.

It will also be noted that in effecting an independent application of the locomotive brakes, fluid under pressure supplied by the independent brake valve device to passage 2I| in the distributing valve device may also flow from said passage through passage I, chamber I45 in the independent release control valve device, past the cut-ofl valve I2| to chamber I24 and from thence through passage I3I to the application piston chamber 54, and from passage I3I through passage 205 and the equalizing slide valve I4 to the aplication chamber 2|9. The supplying of fluid under pressure to the application piston chamber and application chamber past the cut-off valve I2 I is also merely incidental when an independent application of the brakes is eifected in the manner hereinbefore described, in which case the equalizing slide valve I4 is in release position.

When the train brakes are applied and the equalizing slide valve I4 is in service or emergency 7 position, said slide valve laps passage 209 through which an independent application of the locomotive brakes is effected by way of the check valve 255 and an independent release of the locomotive brakes is effected through the choke plug 2|0.

With the equalizing slide valve lapping passage 239, if it is desired to release an application of the locomotive brakes eifected by a reduction in brake pipe pressure, the independent brake valve device is turned to release position in which fluid at re ducing valve pressure is supplied from the rotary valve chamber 3|0 through a port 259 in the rotary valve I 95 to passage 226, as indicated in Fig. 11, from thence through pipe I -to the distributing valve device, and from pipe I35 through passage I34 to the independent release valve piston chamber I33.

Fluid thus supplied to piston chamber I33 moves piston I23 into sealing engagement with the gasket bead I48. This movement of piston I23 first unseats the valve I42 and then pin I41 engages the cut-off valve |2| so that further movement of said piston unseats said cut-off valve and establishes communication between chambers I24 and I45 so that fluid under pressure is permitted to flow from the application piston chamber 54 through passage I3I, chambers I24 and I45, thence through passages 25| and 2| I, application and release pipe I22, passage 2I2 in the independent brake valve device, a cavity 26! in the rotary valve I90 and from thence to the atmosphere through passage 228, as'indicated in Fig.- 11. This venting of fluid under pressure from the application piston chamber .54 permits brake cylinder pressure acting in chambers 55 and 51 to move the application piston to release position for venting fluid under pressure from the brake cylinder 58 in the same manner as hereinbefore described.

If it is desired to apply the locomotive brakes by operation of the independent brake valve device when the passage 239 is lapped by the equalizing slide valve I4, the independent brake valve device is turned to either slow application position orquick application position, according to how fast it is desired to apply the brakes, andin either of these application positions fluid at reducing valve pressure is supplied from the retary valve chamber 3 I II to the application and release pipe I 22 leading to the distributing valve device. From pipe I22 fluid under pressure flows through passages 2| I and25| to the release control valve-device, thence past the cut-off valve I2I to chamber I24 and from thence through passage I3I to the application piston chamber 54. The application piston 68 is then operated to supply fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder in the same manner as hereinbefore'described.

It will now be evident that if the equalizing slide valve I4 is in release position an application of the locomotive brakes by operation of the independent brake valve device will be effected by way of the check valve 255 and a release of the locomotive brakes will be effected through the choke plug 2| II, while if the equalizing slide valve I4 is moved from release position so as to lap passage 209, an application of the locomotive brakes may be eifected past the cut-off valve I2 I and a release of the brakes may be effected by supplying fluid under pressure to operate the release piston I23 to unseat said cut-off valve. The rate of release of the locomotive brakes is adapted to be faster upon unseating of the cut-off valve |2| than when effected through the choke plug 2|0, so that even if the equalizing slide valve I4 is in release position and it is desirable to efiect a release of the locomotive brakes, afteran independent application, at a rate faster than permitted by choke plug 2I0, the independent brake valve device may be turned to release position, instead of to running position, and supply fluid under pressure to operate the release piston I23 to unseat the cut-off valve I2I, the unseating of said cut-off valve opening a release communication around the release choke plug 2I0 of greater flow capacity than that of said choke plug.

After effecting a release of the locomotive brakes by the operation of the release piston I23 to unseat the cut-ofi valve I2I, the independent brake valve device may be'tumed to running position, in which fluid under pressure is vented from the release piston chamber I33 through passage I34, pipe I35, passage 226in the independent brake valve device, cavity 221 in the rotary valve I90 and-through the atmospheric passage 228, and at the same time the application and release pipe I22 is connected to the atmosphere through the independent brake valve device and automatic brake valve device, if the latter. is'in running position; so as to maintain the locomotive brakes released and to also condition the brake equipment for automatic opera tion by variations in brake pipe pressure as hereinbefore described. a

The chamber I36 at the right hand side of the independent release piston I 23 is normally maintained vented through the atmospheric passage I31 so that in effecting an independent release of the locomotive brakes with the independent brake valve device in release position, only a small increase in pressure inchamber I33 is required to actuate the piston I23 to unseat the cut-off valve I2I. The piston I23 moves into sealing engagement with the gasket rib I48 to prevent leakage of actuating fluid from chamber I33 to chamber I36 and from thence to the atmosphere through passage I31. The valve I42 associated with the release piston stem I38 is provided to prevent leakage from chamber I45 to the vented chamber I36 when the locomotive brakes are applied, but such leakage, which may occur upon the unseating of valve I42 in efiecting an independent release of the brakes, does not interfere with the proper control of said release. When the release piston chamber I33 is vented through the independent brake valve device in running position, spring I46 acts to seat thevalvelfl and move the cut-off valve operatingpin I41 away from the cut-off valve I-2I so as to ensure that the'cut-ofi valve will beproperly' seated by the spring I29. 7

If the independent brake-valve device-is turned to lap position to limit the degree of the application of locomotive brakea'passage 226 is lapped by the rotary valve I so that if there should be any leakage of fluid under pressure to said passage and from thence to the independent release piston chamber I33 in the distributing valve device, such leakage may escape through the leakage groove I 50 to chamber I36 and from thence to the atmosphere through passage I31, thereby preventing undesired operation of the release piston I23 to unseat the valve I42 which might permit fluid-under pressure to leak from chamber I45 and the connected application piston chamber 54 to the vented chamber I35 andthus tend to effect an undesired release of the locomotive brakes.

If for any reason the application and release pipe I22 should become broken, it will be apparent that the engineer will be unable to eifect an application of the brakes on the locomotive by operation of the independent brake valve device, but, the distributing valve device will still function to apply and release the locomotive brakes in accordance with variations in brake pipe pressure, and the locomotive brakes may still be released by turning the independent brake valve device to release positionand operating the release piston I23to unseat the cut-oil valve I 2I The cut-oil valve chamber I24 is in direct communication through passage I3I with the application piston chamber 54 and in order to ensure against leakage from said chamber to the atmosphere through the broken pipe I 22 when an automatic application of the brakes is effected, the cut-off valve I2I is preferably rubber seated and the spring I29 is provided to urge the cut-off valve into engagement with the seat rib I28 with such a force as to effect a leak-proof seal.

As hereinbefore described in connection with effecting an application of the brakes, the application and release pipe I2 2'is charged with fluid under, pressure from the brake cylinder 58 through passage 60, containing choke 30! past the check valve 24! and through cavity 243 in the fLive- Dead Eng cover plate I12. If the pipe I22'should become broken, the flow of fluid under pressure from the brakecylinder throughthe choke 300 and cavity 243 becomes a continuous leak from the brake cylinder but is so limited in degree by the choke 308 as not to have any effect upon the application. The check valve 24 I is provided to prevent fluid under pressure supplied to pipe I22, in effecting an application of 1 the locomotive brakes by operation of the independent brake valve device, from flowing directly to the brake cylinder 58 instead of to the application piston chamber 54 for actuating the application portion of the distributing valve device to supply fluid under pressure to the brake cylinder, in the manner hereinbefore described. i

If it is desired to haul a locomotive equipped with the equipment shown in Fig. 1, as a dead engine, the automatic and independent brake valve devices having the handles on are placed in the running position so as to vent the application and release pipe I22 to the atmosphere. The

usual double heading cock 26I in'the brake pipe branch I8; is turned from the normal-open positionshown at the left hand side of Fig. 1' to the closed position shown at the-right hand side of Fig. 1, so that in initially charging the brake pipe, fluid at brake pipe pressure can not flow to the equalizing discharge valve piston chamber I81 and openthe discharge valve I 83 so as to vent fluid under pressure from the brake pipe to the ainosphere, and also the closing of the double heading cock prevents brake pipe pressure from acting on the seat of the rotary valve I18 and blowing said rotary valve from its seat in initially charging the brake pipe.

On the distributing valve device, the Live- Dead Eng cover plate I12 is turned from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the dead engine position shown in Fig. 8. In the dead engine position of said cover plate, passages242 and 2I I are discon nected from each other and both lapped, so that there can be no flow of fluid under pressure from the brake cylinder to the application and release pipe I22 and from thence to the atmosphere through the two brake valves having the handles inrunning position, when the brakes on the dead locomotive areapplied by a reduction in brake pipe pressure as will be later described. Also, in the dead engine position of the cover plate I12, the cavity 243 connects a passage 264 to a passage 256, so that in charging the brake pipe on a train in which the dead engine is being hauled, fiuid under pressure from the brake pipe is permitted to flow from chamber 5I within the strainer device through passage 2'56, choke Sill, cavity 243 in cover plate I12, through passage 264, past check valve 261, through chamber 263 and passage 269 to chamber 1I in'the supply valve device '66, and from thence through passage 81 and pipe 88 to the main reservoir 86. The equalizing portion of the distributing valve device operates to charge the pressure chamber 22 when the brake pipe is being charged and operates in accordance with variations in brake pipe pressure to control the operation of the locomotive brakes in the same manner as when controlled by the automatic brake valve device on the locomotive, it being noted in thiscase however, that since the main reservoir is charged from the brake pipe and only tobrake pipe pressure, said main reservoir functions merely as an auxiliary reservoir functions on a car in a train.

The check valve 261 is provided in the communication through which the main reservoir is charged from the brake pipe to prevent back flow of fluid under pressure from the main reservoir to the brake pipe upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure. A spring 218 is provided to urge said check valve to its seat. The choke 30I is adapted to limit the draw of fluid under pressure from the brake pipe in charging the main reservoir on the dead -locomotive. A main reservoir is .very large relative to an auxiliary reservoir as employed on cars and unless the choke 3M were employed, the. release of the brakes on a train, including a dead locomotive, would be unduly delayed.

Fig. 9- shows the cover plate I12 in plan. The plate is provided with a raised portion 3112 containing the cavity 243, and is secured to the member 34 by means of two cap screws 363. The legend Eng is provided on the member 34 in raised letters, while the cover plate is provided on one side with the legend Live in raised letters and on the opposite side with the legend Dead in raised letters. In the position of cover plate I 12 shown in Fig. 9, the legend Live is immediately over the legend Eng and reads Live Eng. This position of the cover plate corresponds to the position shown in Fig. 2. If the engine is to be hauled dead in a train, the cover plate H2 is reversed from the position shown in Fig. 9 so that the legend Dead is over the legend Eng and reads Dead Eng and this latter position corresponds to that shown in Fig. 8.

In effecting a service application of the brakes on a long train, the rate of brake pipe reduction toward the rear end of the train is very slow due to back flow of fluid under pressure from the auxiliary reservoirs on the cars to the brake pipe. If a locomotive equipped with our improved brake equipment is being hauled dead in the rear portion of a long train or is being used as a pusher at the rear portion of the train, there Will be some tendency for fluid under pressure to flow from the pressure chamber to the brake pipe through the feed groove 202. However, when the brake pipe pressure acting'in piston chamber It becomes reduced sufiiciently below the pressure in valve chamber I3 to move the equalizing piston I0 and auxiliary slide valve l5 towards service position, the feed groove 202 is initially closed as shown in Fig. 3 and then further movement to the position shown in Fig. 4 is opposed by the pressure of spring 28. In the position shown in Fig. 4, fluid under pressure is vented from valve chamber 13 to the reduction reservoir H9 and the consequent rate of reduction in valve chamber I3 may exceed the slow rate of reduction in brake pipe pressure to such an extent that a sufiicient differential of pressures may be obtained on the equalizing piston It! to move said piston toward release position. The force of the compressed spring 28 aids the differential of fluid pressures acting on piston H) to move said piston toward release position, but this actuating force of spring 28 ceases to be efiective when said plston and the auxiliary slide valve reach the position shown in Fig. 3. The fluid pressure difierential acting on piston I0 is at this time insuflicient by itself to move the auxiliary slide valve, so that when spring 28 becomes ineffective the auxiliary slide valve stops moving so as to lap the reduction reservoir port 22! in the main slide valve M. Upon a further reduction in brake pipe pressure, a further venting of fluid under pressure from the valve chamber l3 to the reduction reservoir may occur, but this action will continue only until operation of the cut-off valve device, after which, further reduction in brake pipe pressure will cause the equalizing piston ill to move the slide valves 14 and I5 to service position and effect a service application of the locomotive brakes.

By employing the spring 28 to aid the differential of fluid pressures on the equalizing piston I ll to move said piston and the auxiliary slide valve I5 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 3, the full traverse to release position and consequent venting of fluid under pressure from the reduction reservoir is prevented. If it were not prevented, the alternate movement of the auxiliary slide valve from release position to the position shown in Fig. 4 and then back to release position, would reduce the pressure in valve chamber l3 and in the pressure chamber 22 in steps according to the reduction in brake pipe pressure with a consequent loss of fluid under pressure intended to apply the locomotive brakes, thus the locomotive brakes would not apply as desired.

From the above'description it will be evident that the improved locomotive brake equipment will operate to effect a service application of the locomotive brakes'and a release of the locomotive brakes in synchronism with the service application and release of brakes on a train, and in effecting an emergency application of the brakes on the locomotive, the improved brake equipment will operate to govern the degree'of the emergency application in accordance with the degree of brake pipe pressure carried, as occurs on the cars of a train.

While one illustrative embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, it is not our intention to limit its scope to that embodiment or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

-1. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination With a brake pipeQof a reduction reservoir, a valve device subject to the opposing pressuresof the brake pipe and a chamber and operated by variations in brake pipe pressurefor controlling the brakes and operated upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure for venting fluid from said chamber to said reduction reservoir, and valve means operated upon a predetermined increase in fluid pressure in said reduction reservoir, for cutting on the further venting of fluid from said chamber to said reservoir to provide a uniform reduction in the pressure offluid in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which said chamber is charged.

2. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of a reduction reservoir, a valve device subject to the opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber normally charged with fluid under pressure from the brake pipe and operated upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure for first supplying fluid under pressure frornsaid chamber to'said reservoir and then from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, and valve means operated upon a predetermined increase in fluid pressure in said reservoir for preventing the further'venting of fluid from said. chamber to said reservoir'to provide a uniform reduction in the pressure of fluid in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which the chamber is charged. r

3. Ina fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a chamber normally charged with fluid under pressure from said brake pipe, of valve means controlled by the opposing pressures of said brake pipe and chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber for eifecting an application of the brakes, and means operative upon the initiation of the reduction in brake pipe pressure and advance of the move ment of said valve means to application position for effecting a predetermined uniform reduction in pressure in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which said chamber is normally charged. Q

4. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a chamber normally charged with fluid at the pressure carried in the brake pipe, of valve means movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to a position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber for efl'ecting' an application of the brakes, and means for delaying the movement of said valve means to said position until after the brake pipe pressure has bee'njreduced a predetermined uniform degree regardless "of the pressure to which the brake pipe is initially charged.

5. In a' fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject tothe opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, and means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for effecting a predetermined uniform reduction in pressure in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which said chamber is, initially charged. I

6. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, a chamber normally charged with fluid at brake pipe pressure, and valve means movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, and means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for effecting a predetermined uniform reduction in pressure in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which said chamber is normally charged.

'7. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber normally'charged with fluid under pressure from the brake pipe, said valve means being movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, and means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for effecting a fixed uniform reduction in pressure in said chamber regardless of the pressure to which said chamber is normally charged.

8. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, a reduction reservoir, means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for venting fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluid in the chamber, and

. reduction in the pressure of fluid in said chamber regardless of the pressure of fluid carried in the chamber.

9. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of'the brake pipe and a chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an' application of the brakes, a reduction reservoir, means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for venting fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluid in the chamber, and means for limiting the reduction in pressure in said chamber, to a uniform amount regardless of the pressure of fluid carried in the chamber, by flow to said reduction reservoir.

10. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, a reduction reservoir, means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for venting fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluid in the chamber, and means controlled by the build up of pressure in said reduction reservoir for closing communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said pressure chamber to said reduction reservoir to limit the reduction in the pressure of fluid in the pressure chamber to a uniform amount regardless of the pressure of fluid carried in the pressure chamber.

11. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of the brake pipe and a chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to anapplication position for supplying fluid under pressure from said chamber to effect an application of the brakes, a reduction reservoir, means operative upon the preliminary movement of said valve means toward application position for venting fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluidin the chamber, and means operative upon a predetermined increase in pressure in said reduction reservoir for closing communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said pressure chamber to said reduction reservoir to limit the reduction in the pressure of fluid in the pressure chamber to a uniform amount regardless of the pressure of fluid carried in the pressure chamber.

12. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a chamber normally charged with fluid at brake pipe-pressure, of a reduction reservoir, valve means operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to vent fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reduction reservoir and also to supply fluid under pressure from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, and means operative upon" a predetermined uniform reduction in'pressure in said chamber regardless of the pressure in said chamber for closing communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said chamber to said reduction reservoir.

13. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a chamber normally charged with fluid at brake pipe pressure, of a reduction reservoir, valve means operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to vent fluid under pressure from said chamber to said reduction reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluid in the chamber and also to supply fluid under pressure from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, and means controlled by the pressure of fluid in said reduction reservoir and operative to close the communication through' which fluid under pressure is vented from said chamber to said reduction reservoir upon a predetermined increase in pressure in said reduction reservoir to limit the reduction in the pressure of fluid in said chamber to a uni-* form amount regardless of the pressure carried in the chamber.

14. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake -pipe, a chamber normally charged with fluid under pressure from said brake pipe, anda reduction reservoir of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of said brake pipe and chamber and operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to supply fluid under pressure from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes and also operative to establish a communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said chamber to said reduction reservoir to effect a reduction in the pressure of fluid in the chamber, a movable abutment subject to the opposing pressures of said reduction reservoir and r a spring and movable to a cut-out position upon a predetermined increase in pressure in said reduction reservoir, and a valve controlled by said abutment and operative upon movement of said abutment to cut-out position for closing said communication to limit the reduction in the pressure of fluid in said chamber to a uniform amount regardless of the pressure of fluid carried in the chamber. I

15. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, a chamber normally charged with fluid under pressure from said brake pipe, and a reduction reservoir, of valve means subject to the opposing pressures of said brake pipe and chamber and operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to supply fluid under pressure from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes and also operative to establish a communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said chamber to said reduction reservoir, a piston having a chamber at one side open to said reduction reservoir and a chamber at the opposite side open to the atmosphere means in the first mentioned chamber for efiecting a leak-proof seal with'said piston, a spring in the atmospheric, chamber for moving said piston into engagement, with the sealing means. thereby forming a chamber outside of said sealing means, means for permitting leakage from the reduction reservoir to the last mentioned chamber to escape to said atmospheric chamber, al valve in said communication normally operative by said piston to open said communication, said piston being movable, upon a predetermined increase in pressure acting on the area within said sealing means, to a cut-out position, and means for operating said valve to close communication from said chamber to said reduction reservoir upon movement of said piston to cut-out position. 16. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, a chamber and a reduction reservoir, of valve means having a release position for supplying fluid under pressure from said brake pipe to said chamber and for venting fluid from said reduction reservoir, and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position for "establishing a communication through which fluid under pressure is supplied from said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, said valve means being operative in its traverse to application position to establish a communication through which fluid under pressure is vented from said chamber to said reduction reservoir, said reduction reservoir being bottled up in the application position of said valve means. i

17. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe, a source of fluid at the pressure normally carried in said brake pipe, and a chamber, of valve means operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to supply fluid under pressure to said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes,.and a brake valve device operative to effect a reduction in pressure in said brake pipe, and also to supply fluid'un-,

der pressure from said source to said chamber. 18. In a fluid pressure brake; the combination with a brake pipe, a source of fluid at the pressure normally carried in said brake pipe, and a chamber, of valve means operative upon a reduc-- tion in brake pipe pressure to supply fluid'under pressure to said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, means for effecting a venting of fluid under pressure from said chamber at a restricted rate, and a brake valve device pipe .at the, pressure normally carried in said brake pipe, of a brake valve device having one position for establishing communication through which said feed valve device supplies fluid under pressure to the brake pipe, and another position which fluid under pressure is vented from said brake pipe, a chamber, valve means operative upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure for supfor establishing communication through plying fluid under: pressure to said chamber for effecting an application of the brakes, and for establishing a communicationwith said chamber through'which fluid under pressure is adapted to be vented from said chamber at a restricted rate, said brake valve device being adapted in the second mentioned position to establisha communication through which fluid under. pressure is supplied by said feed valve device to said chamber.

20. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a feed valve device, of a brake valve device for supplying fluid under pres- 7 sure from said feed valve device to said'brake pipe and movable to a serviceposition for effecting a service reduction in'brake pipe pressure and to an emergency position for efiecting an emergency reduction-in brake pipepressure, a chamber, variation in pressure in which is adapted to control the brakes, valve means operated upon a service reduction in brake pipe pressure for supplying fluid under pressure to said chamber, and a safety, valve device adapted to be connected to said chamber for limiting the pressure offluid obtained in said chamber, said valve means being operative uponan emergency reduction in brake pipe pressure to supply fluid under pressure to said chamber at an emergency rate and to establish a restricted communication from said chamber to said safety valve device,

said brake valve device being operative in emergency. position to supply fluid under pressure from said feed valve device tosaidchamber at a restricted rate for maintaining the pressure in said chamber against theventing of fluid therefrom by operation of said safety valve device.

21. In a fluid pressure brake, the combination with a brake pipe and a chamber,-of a piston subject to the opposing pressures ofasaid brake pipe and chamber and movable upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to an application position and upon a certain'rate of increase in brake:

pipe pressure to a release position for supplying fluid under pressure from said brake pipe to said chamber at a certain rate, and movable upon a faster rate of increase in brake pipe pressure toan inner position for supplyingfluid 

